The Power of the Few: How Clusters Can Strengthen European Defence

Abstract

This brief argues that bilateral and minilateral defence clusters offer the most viable approach for strengthening European military cooperation. Rather than pursuing comprehensive EU-wide solutions, smaller groups of aligned states can more effectively advance joint procurement, interoperability, and operational coordination. The paper examines successful examples like Belgian-Dutch naval integration and Nordic air force cooperation, then recommends the EU support these clusters through funding, coordination mechanisms, and practical assistance.

Peer Review

Community peer review and discussion of this publication.